Changing Your Computer's Processor (CPU) - Step by Step

In this video, I'm going to show you the steps I followed to change the processor in my desktop PC: I upgraded from a 12th-generation Intel Core i5 to a Core i7, both compatible with the LGA 1700 socket on my motherboard.

This process involves both disassembly and assembly, and although it's simple, it always generates doubts.

1. Context and Hardware Compatibility

Before starting, it's crucial to understand the context and compatibility.

a. The Socket is the Key
The first thing you must consider when changing a processor is the Socket on your Motherboard. The socket is the physical connector that determines which processors you can use.

• My Case (LGA 1700): My motherboard works with the LGA 1700 socket (which refers to the number of connectors or transistors). Any processor I buy must be compatible with LGA 1700.
• New Generation (Incompatibility): The latest generations of Intel (such as those using the Core Ultra name) have changed the socket to LGA 1851 (if I recall correctly). This means that a chip with an 1851 socket will never physically fit on an LGA 1700 board.

b. Motherboard and BIOS Compatibility

Once you've verified physical compatibility (the socket), you must perform two crucial steps:

1. Check Official Documentation: Search for your motherboard model online. The description or the official website will tell you which generations of processors are compatible (in my case, 12th and 13th, and the 14th is also compatible).
2. Update the BIOS: It's very likely that you'll need to update your motherboard's BIOS for it to recognize the new processor, especially if you're jumping generations.
   1. ⚠️ BIOS Risks: Updating the BIOS carries risks (such as failures due to power outages), but it's a necessary step. In my case, I downloaded the file, unzipped it to a USB drive, accessed the BIOS (by pressing F2 upon startup), and ran the update.

c. Stop Buying Pre-Built PCs

I used to work with pre-built PCs (like Dell XPS), which are convenient and well-priced. However, after an issue with one of them, I decided to start assembling my own machines. The problem with pre-builts is that they often use lower-quality custom components (proprietary to the brand), and warranty management can be a headache. That's why my current PC is my first machine assembled by myself from scratch.

2. ️ Preparation and Safety

Before you start handling internal components, safety comes first.

• Disconnect and Discharge Power: Completely disconnect the equipment from the power source. Then, press the Power button for about 5 to 10 seconds to discharge any residual energy that might remain in the internal capacitors.
• Anti-Static Wrist Strap: I highly recommend using an anti-static wrist strap ($5 is a minimal investment). Connect it to a metal surface of the case while you work. If you don't have one, simply touch a metal surface of the chassis with your bare hands for 15-20 seconds to discharge static from your body.
• Document the Process (Photo/Video): Make a video! Recording the process will be helpful. For example, I always forget the correct direction of the cooler fan, and the video reminded me that the logo should face inward.

3. Steps for Disassembly and Replacement

The disassembly process is the reverse of the assembly process.

Step 1: Remove the Cooler

• Disconnect Cables: Disconnect the power and RGB cables (if it has them) from the CPU cooler on the motherboard.
• Access the Screws: If the fan prevents you from accessing the four screws that hold the cooler to the motherboard, you must remove it first. Once the screws are accessible, carefully remove the cooler.

Step 2: Clean the Thermal Paste (Outside the PC!)

• Crucial Recommendation: Clean the thermal paste from the old processor and the cooler outside the PC to prevent spills that could damage the motherboard.
• Materials: Use isopropyl alcohol (ideally 90% or more; I used 70% and it worked) and a clean, lint-free cloth (do not use toilet paper or wipes with chemicals).
• Cleaning the Cooler: The cooler (the metal piece) can be cleaned with more force.
• Cleaning the Processor (Maximum Care!):
  • Remove the processor from its socket and place it on a soft, clean cloth.
  • Hold it by the edges (the tabs) to avoid touching the bottom circuitry with your body oils.
  • Clean the paste with the cloth slightly dampened with alcohol.
  • Once clean, immediately store it in its case and move it away from the work area.

Step 3: Install the New Processor

• Verify the Direction (The Arrow): The processor socket and the processor itself have a small arrow or triangle that indicates the correct direction. Align the arrow on the new processor with the arrow on the motherboard.
• Place Gently: Place the chip in very carefully.
• Verify Position (The Needle Test): To make sure it's seated well, apply very slight pressure. The pressure I use is the same as you would feel if you pricked your finger with a needle without causing pain. If the processor moves or wobbles, it is not properly seated.
• Close the Socket: Engage the socket lever. It's normal for it to be a bit stiff; be firm but careful.

Step 4: Apply the Thermal Paste

1. Amount: Apply the thermal paste to the center of the processor, about the size of a pea or a grain of corn. Do not apply too much, as the excess will spread out.
2. Rectangular Processors: On rectangular processors like Intel's, you can apply a little more towards the ends to ensure complete coverage.

Step 5: Reassemble and Connect

1. Secure the Cooler: Place the cooler over the processor, securing the four screws. You may need to screw the cooler in before reattaching the fan.
2. Reconnect Cables: Reconnect the power and RGB cables of the fan to the motherboard. Check the Pins (e.g., RGB usually has 3 Pins) and the direction to avoid damaging them.
3. Final Assembly: Close the case and connect all external cables.

Step 6: Power On and Pray to the Gods

Once everything is connected, turn on the PC!

• If the BIOS update was successful and the processor is correctly installed, the system should start up.
• Initial Alert: It's possible that on the first boot, the computer will show you an alert or ask you to enter the BIOS to recognize the hardware change. Simply confirm it for the boot to continue.